![]() He needed to write TeX macros for his own use, and thought that with a little extra effort he could make a general package usable by others. LaTeX was created in the early 1980s by Leslie Lamport, when he was working at SRI. LaTeX is free software and is distributed under the LaTeX Project Public License (LPPL). LaTeX3 ( L aT eX3) has been under long-term development since the early 1990s. The current version is LaTeX2e (stylised as L aT eX 2 ε), released in 1994, but updated in 2020. LaTeX was originally written in the early 1980s by Leslie Lamport at SRI International. LaTeX comprises a collection of TeX macros and a program to process LaTeX documents, and because the plain TeX formatting commands are elementary, it provides authors with ready-made commands for formatting and layout requirements such as chapter headings, footnotes, cross-references and bibliographies. In essence, TeX handles the layout side, while LaTeX handles the content side for document processing. LaTeX is intended to provide a high-level, descriptive markup language that accesses the power of TeX in an easier way for writers. Like TeX, LaTeX started as a writing tool for mathematicians and computer scientists, but even from early in its development, it has also been taken up by scholars who needed to write documents that include complex math expressions or non-Latin scripts, such as Arabic, Devanagari and Chinese. The typesetting system offers programmable desktop publishing features and extensive facilities for automating most aspects of typesetting and desktop publishing, including numbering and cross-referencing of tables and figures, chapter and section headings, graphics, page layout, indexing and bibliographies. In the latter role, for example, it is sometimes used as part of a pipeline for translating DocBook and other XML-based formats to PDF. LaTeX can be used as a standalone document preparation system, or as an intermediate format. LaTeX uses the TeX typesetting program for formatting its output, and is itself written in the TeX macro language. It also has a prominent role in the preparation and publication of books and articles that contain complex multilingual materials, such as Arabic and Greek. LaTeX is widely used in academia for the communication and publication of scientific documents in many fields, including mathematics, computer science, engineering, physics, chemistry, economics, linguistics, quantitative psychology, philosophy, and political science. A TeX distribution such as TeX Live or MiKTeX is used to produce an output file (such as PDF or DVI) suitable for printing or digital distribution. The writer uses markup tagging conventions to define the general structure of a document to stylise text throughout a document (such as bold and italics), and to add citations and cross-references. When writing, the writer uses plain text as opposed to the formatted text found in WYSIWYG word processors like Microsoft Word, LibreOffice Writer and Apple Pages. LaTeX ( / ˈ l ɑː t ɛ x/ LAH-tekh or / ˈ l eɪ t ɛ x/ LAY-tekh, often stylized as L aT eX) is a software system for document preparation.
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